In order to convert a bash variable to lower case with awk, just use this command:
a="UPPER CASE"
echo "$a" | awk '{print tolower($0)}' |
If you want to convert the content of a file (called data.csv) to lower case:
awk '{print tolower($0)}' data.csv |
Of course to convert into upper case, simply use the function toupper() instead of tolower().
Note also that a better tool to avoid issues with special characters might be the tr unix command:
tr [:upper:] [:lower:] < input |
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