In LaTeX equations, when using the sum sign in an inline equation, the limits do not appear above and below the sign but on its right side. If you want the limits above and below, place the \limits command after the sum command as follows:
$\sum\limits_{k=1}^n k$
In a display equation, you do not need this \limits command: the limits are displayed above and below. Similarly if you use a displaystyle environment:
$\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^n k$
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