Python is a script language that has evolved into a “do whatever you want”. It is now a versatile tools, which is really powerful and contains more and more modules to really do whatever you want. Python documentation provides a very good and complete overview of all the standard modules that are available by default.
For scientific development, I would recommand to use the following two librairies
They provide a matlab-like syntax. Many more libraries (scientific or not) can be found within the Pypi directory, which is like a sourceforge website.
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